What is money devaluation? What is its benefits and risk?
Money devaluation is the deliberate downward adjustment of a country's currency value relative to another currency, group of currencies, or standard. It is typically enacted by a government or central bank and is a policy used to correct trade imbalances and boost economic growth.
Benefits of Money Devaluation
• Boosts Exports: Devalued currency makes a country's goods and services cheaper for foreign buyers, potentially increasing export volumes.
• Reduces Trade Deficits: By making imports more expensive and exports cheaper, devaluation can help reduce trade deficits.
• Stimulates Economic Growth: Increased demand for exports can lead to higher production levels, job creation, and overall economic growth.
• Increases Foreign Investment: A lower currency value can attract foreign investment as investors take advantage of cheaper assets and labor.
Risks of Money Devaluation
• Inflation: Devaluation makes imported goods more expensive, which can lead to higher overall price levels (inflation).
• Reduced Purchasing Power: As the value of the currency falls, consumers' purchasing power declines, making everyday goods and services more expensive.
• Debt Burden: If a country has significant foreign debt, devaluation increases the cost of servicing that debt in terms of the domestic currency.
• Loss of Investor Confidence: Frequent or significant devaluations can undermine investor confidence, leading to capital flight and reduced foreign investment.
• Retaliatory Actions: Other countries may respond with their own devaluations or trade barriers, leading to potential trade wars.
Overall, while devaluation can be a useful tool for correcting economic imbalances and stimulating growth, it must be managed carefully to avoid the associated risks.
የገንዘብ መቀነስ ምንድነው? ጥቅሙ እና አደጋው ምንድን ነው?
የገንዘብ ቅነሳ (money devaluation) ሆን ተብሎ የሀገሪቱን የገንዘብ ዋጋ ከሌላ ምንዛሪ፣ የመገበያያ ገንዘብ ቡድን ወይም ደረጃ አንፃር ማስተካከል ነው። በተለምዶ የሚተገበረው በመንግስት ወይም በማዕከላዊ ባንክ ሲሆን የንግድ ሚዛን መዛባትን ለማስተካከል እና የኢኮኖሚ እድገትን ለማሳደግ የሚያገለግል ፖሊሲ ነው።
የገንዘብ መቀነስ ጥቅሞች
• ኤክስፖርትን ያሳድጋል፡- የተራቆተ ምንዛሪ የሀገርን እቃዎችና አገልግሎቶች ለውጭ ገዥዎች ርካሽ ያደርገዋል፣ይህም የወጪ ንግድ መጠን ይጨምራል።
• የንግድ እጥረቶችን ይቀንሳል፡- ከውጭ የሚገቡ ምርቶችን የበለጠ ውድ በማድረግ እና ወደ ውጭ የሚላኩ ምርቶችን በርካሽ በማድረግ፣የዋጋ ቅነሳ የንግድ ጉድለቶችን ለመቀነስ ይረዳል።
• የኤኮኖሚ እድገትን ያበረታታል፡ ወደ ውጭ የሚላኩ ምርቶች ፍላጎት መጨመር ወደ ከፍተኛ የምርት ደረጃ፣ የስራ እድል ፈጠራ እና አጠቃላይ የኢኮኖሚ እድገትን ያመጣል።
• የውጭ ኢንቨስትመንትን ይጨምራል፡ ባለሀብቶች ርካሽ ሀብትና ጉልበት ስለሚጠቀሙ ዝቅተኛ የምንዛሬ ዋጋ የውጭ ኢንቨስትመንትን ሊስብ ይችላል።
የገንዘብ መቀነስ አደጋዎች
• የዋጋ ንረት፡ የዋጋ ንረት ወደ ሀገር ውስጥ የሚገቡ ሸቀጦችን የበለጠ ውድ ያደርገዋል፡ ይህም አጠቃላይ የዋጋ ንረት (የዋጋ ግሽበት) ከፍ እንዲል ያደርጋል።
• የመግዛት ሃይል መቀነስ፡ የምንዛሪው ዋጋ ሲቀንስ የተጠቃሚዎች የመግዛት አቅም እያሽቆለቆለ በመሄድ የዕለት ተዕለት ሸቀጦችን እና አገልግሎቶችን ውድ ያደርገዋል።
• የዕዳ ጫና፡ አንድ አገር ከፍተኛ የውጭ ዕዳ ካለባት፣ የዋጋ ቅነሳው ዕዳውን ከአገር ውስጥ ምንዛሪ አንፃር ለማገልገል የሚወጣውን ወጪ ይጨምራል።
• የባለሃብቶች መተማመን ማጣት፡- ተደጋጋሚ ወይም ጉልህ የሆነ የዋጋ ቅናሽ የባለሃብቶችን እምነት ሊያዳክም ይችላል፣ ይህም ወደ ካፒታል በረራ እና የውጭ ኢንቨስትመንት እንዲቀንስ ያደርጋል።
• አጸፋዊ እርምጃዎች፡- ሌሎች አገሮች በራሳቸው ቅናሽ ወይም የንግድ መሰናክሎች ምላሽ ሊሰጡ ይችላሉ፣ ይህም ወደ ንግድ ጦርነቶች ያመራል።
በአጠቃላይ፣
የዋጋ ቅነሳው የኢኮኖሚ ሚዛን መዛባትን ለማስተካከል እና እድገትን ለማነቃቃት ጠቃሚ መሳሪያ ቢሆንም፣ ተያያዥ አደጋዎችን ለማስወገድ በጥንቃቄ መያዝ አለበት።
Gatii mallaqaa hir’isuu jechuun maal jechuudha?
Gatiin mallaqaa gatii mallaqaa biyya tokkoo mallaqa biraa, garee mallaqaa ykn istaandaardii biraa wajjin wal bira qabamee yoo ilaalamu itti yaadanii gara gadiitti sirreessuudha. Akkaataa idileetti mootummaan ykn baankii giddugaleessaatiin kan tumamu yoo ta’u, imaammata madaallii dhabuu daldalaa sirreessuufi guddina dinagdee guddisuuf gargaarudha.
Faayidaa Gatiin Maallaqaa Hir’isuu
Al-ergii Guddisa: Maallaqni gadi bu’e meeshaalee fi tajaajilli biyya tokkoo bitoota biyya alaatif gatii salphaa taasisa, kunis heddummina al-ergii dabaluu danda’a.
Hanqina Daldalaa Hir’isa: Galtee qaala’aa fi al-ergii gatii salphaa taasisuudhaan gatii hir’isuun hanqina daldalaa hir’isuuf gargaaruu danda’a.
Guddina Diinagdee Ni kakaasa: Fedhiin al-ergii dabaluu isaatiin sadarkaa oomishaa ol’aanaa, carraa hojii uumuu fi guddina dinagdee waliigalaa fiduu danda’a.
Invastimantii Biyya Alaa Ni Dabala: Invastaroota qabeenyaafi humna namaa gatii salphaa ta’etti waan fayyadamaniif gatii maallaqaa gadi aanaa ta’e invastimantii biyya alaa hawwachuu danda’a
Balaa Gatiin Maallaqaa Hir’isuu
Gatiin qarshii gadi bu'uu: Gatiin gatii hir’isuun meeshaalee biyya alaatii galfaman qaala’aa kan taasisu yoo ta’u, kunis sadarkaa gatii waliigalaa ol’aanaa (qaala’iinsa jireenyaa) fiduu danda’a.
Humna Bittaa Hir’ate: Gatiin maallaqaa akkuma gadi bu’aa deemuun humni bittaa fayyadamtootaa gadi bu’uun meeshaalee fi tajaajiloonni guyyaa guyyaa qaala’aa akka ta’an taasisa.
Ba’aa Liqaa: Biyyi tokko liqaa biyya alaa guddaa yoo qabaatte, gatii hir’isuun baasii liqaa sana maallaqa biyya keessaatiin tajaajiluuf bahu ni dabala.
Amantaa Invastarootaa Dhabuu: Gatiin yeroo baay’ee ykn guddaan gadi bu’uun amantaa invastarootaa miidhuu danda’a, kunis baqannaa kaappitaalaa fi invastimantii biyya alaa hir’isuu fida.
Tarkaanfiiwwan Haaloo Bahuu: Biyyoonni biroo gatii isaanii hir’isuu ykn danqaa daldalaa mataa isaaniitiin deebii kennuu danda’u, kunis waraana daldalaa ta’uu danda’utti geessuu danda’a.
Walumaagalatti:
gatii hir’isuun madaallii dinagdee sirreessuu fi guddina kakaasuuf meeshaa faayidaa qabu ta’uu kan danda’u ta’us, balaa kanaan walqabatee dhufu hambisuuf of eeggannoodhaan hoogganamuu qaba.